Tinagtaggu Kankanaey Tribe Anito Sagada Tinagtaggu PHILIPPINES DAVID HOWARD TRIBAL ART Tinagtaggu Kankanaey Tribe Anito Sagada Tinagtaggu Philippines

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KANKANAEY TRIBE:
19TH CENTURY TRIBAL USED AUTHENTIC
ANTIQUE SEATED “TINAGTAGGU ANITO”
BULUL STATUE #5; CIRCA 1840
HAND CARVED WOOD & BLUE GLASS INLAID EYES
24 X 7 X 7 INCHES

From "Demang Village,"Sagada,
Mountain Provence, Luzon Island, Philippines.
Heirloom; "Mateo;" now deceased, made the piece, his son
"Bolangset" gave it to his daughter; "Bayang."
The Collection Catalogue Numbers "416A" and a
"David Howard Tribal Art" Circular red sticker
are on the back.

SIMILAR EXAMPLES REFERENCE PAGE #49 IN THE BOOK ENTITLED:
“THE LAST FILIPINO HEAD HUNTERS.”

A Kankanaey "Anito" represents ancestor spirits, nature spirits, and deities in the indigenous animistic religions of pre colonial Philippines. They can also be referred to as Tinagtaggu or Taotao; carved humanoid figures that represent ancestral spirits.

Two famous institutions of the Kankanaey; who inhabit the Mountain Province, on Luzon Island, in the Philippines, are the "Dap-ay;" the men's dormitory and civic center, and the "Ebgan;" the girls' dormitory where courtship between young men and women takes place. The Bontoc tribe in Sagada, and some nearby pueblos; Takong and Agawa, the "O-lâg" is the name of the girl's dormitory and the boy's dormitory is referred to as; "F-gan."

The Kankanaey differ in the way they dress. Not all Kankanaey exhibit the same tribal colors or clothing styles. The "soft-speaking" Kankanaey woman's "Tapis" dress has a color combination of black, white and red. The design of the upper attire is a criss-crossed style of black, white, and red colors. The skirt, or tapis, is a combination of stripes of black, white and red.

The "hard-speaking" Kankanaey woman's dress, referred to as a "Tapis;" is composed mainly of red and black with a little white color, and is generally referred to a "Bakget" or a "Gateng." The men ware a "G-string" which is referred to as a "Wanes" by the Kanakaneys of Besao and Sagada. The design of the Wanes G-string may vary according to social status or municipality.

The Kankanaey's major dances include tayaw, pattong,as Igorot wedding dance, and balangbang. The tayaw is a community dance that is usually done in weddings; it may be also danced by the Ibaloi people but has a different style. Pattong is also a community dance from Mountain Province which every municipality has its own style. Balangbang is the modernized word for the word Pattong. There are also some other dances that the Kankanaeys dance, such as the sakkuting, pinanyuan (wedding dance) and bogi-bogi (courtship dance). Kankanaey houses are built like the other Igorot houses, which reflect their social status.

A Bulul is a carved wooden figure used to guard the rice crop by the tribes people in northern Luzon Island. The sculptures are highly stylized representations of ancestors, and are thought to gain power from the presence of the ancestral spirit. The Ifugao are particularly noted for their skill in carving bululs. Bululs are used in ceremonies associated with rice production and with healing. Creation of a bulul involves alwen bulol ritual by a priest to ensure that the statue gains power. The bulul is treated with care and respect to avoid the risk of the spirits of the ancestors bringing sickness. The figures are placed in rice granaries to bring a plentiful harvest. A large granary may need two bululs, and a wealthy noble may also have one or more bululs in his house. Male and female Bulul statues are often found together, with sex-related symbols such as the mortar for the female and pestle for the male. A male bulul may sometimes be decorated with a g-string, and a female with a waist cloth, earrings and anklets. Although the form varies, the bulul is commonly represented as seated on the ground, with arms crossed over his upraised knees. The bulul has a simplified form, and is traditionally carved from narra or ipil wood or sometimes stone. The bulul is touched by hands dipped in blood of a chicken or pig in ritual called tunod during the rice planting season. Over time the blood imparts a dark color to the figures, overlaid with a patina of grease from food offerings. Bululs are handed down to the first child of a family. Typically the older statues have beetle holes made by insects in the granary.

Ifugao culture revolves around rice, which is considered a prestige crop. There is an elaborate and complex array of rice culture feasts inextricably linked with taboos and intricate agricultural rites, from rice cultivation to rice consumption. Harvest season calls for grandiose thanksgiving feasts, while the concluding harvest rites "tungo" or "tungul" (the day of rest) entail a strict taboo of any agricultural work. Partaking of the rice wine (bayah), rice cakes, and 'moma' (mixture of several herbs, powdered snail shell and betel nut/ arecoline: and acts as a chewing gum to the Ifugaos) is an indelible practice during the festivities and ritual activitiess. their retual and Agricultural terracing is their principal means of livelihood along with farming. Their social status is measured by the number of rice field granaries, family heirlooms, gold earrings, carabaos (water buffaloes), as well as, prestige conferred through time and tradition. The more affluent, known as kadangyan were usually generous by nature, giving rice to poor neighbors in time of food shortage(s) and/or hardship(s). Furthermore, their culture was known for their legal system, using one of the world's most extensive oral legal traditions specifying the offense depending on the use of custom law; trial by elders (influenced in part by public opinion); or trial by ordeal. The wealthy were subjected to greater fines than the poor.

The Ifugao art of woodcarving is universally known. Most notably are the carved granary guardians “bulul,” and the prestige bench; the “hagab,” but in addition to those free standing wood carvings: The Ifugao also incorporate beautiful architectural wood cavings into their hut’s house posts, exterior doors, kitchen shelving and a multitude of imaginative additions to nearly every element in, and on, their Ifugao huts!

Ifugao huts are well-constructed and characterized by wooden floors, windowless walls, and pyramidal thatch roofs. Elevated from the ground by four sturdy tree trunks, they feature removable staircases that are hoisted up at night to prevent entry by enemies or wild animals.

There are many varieties of Ifugao huts. They have heavy thatch roofs to serve as protection from rain and cold weather. The Ifugao inhabit the rugged terrain of the Cordillera Mountain Range in the Mountain Province of Central Northern Luzon Island. They have developed and maintained a distinct culture which resisted outside influence. Modern times ended their isolation; The only world they previously knew was an environment of towering mountains, rolling hills, windy plateaus, warm valleys, shallow but swift rivers, dense forests, rice paddies, and their immense rice terraces known as “The 7th Wonder of the World!”

"PUNAM-HAN" are used in sacrificial offertory rituals by Ifugao Mombaki Shamans; the blood of butchered animals are poured over the outside while rice in combination with wrapped textile bundles, small wooden carvings; "Hipag" figures, wrapped bamboo, animal sacrificial implements and any assortment of appropriate tribal sacrificial elements are placed inside as offering to the Ifugao gods. The Punamhan is regarded as a sacred tribal ritual object by the Ifugao tribe.

Untouched by the influences of Spanish colonialism, Ifugao culture value kinship, family ties, religious and cultural beliefs. They're unique among all ethnic groups in the mountain province, not only for their interesting customs and traditions but also for their narrative literature such as the hudhud, an epic dealing with hero ancestors sung in a poetic manner. Another feature unique to the Ifugao is their woodcarving art, most notably the carved granary guardians bului and the prestige bench of the upper class, the hagabi. Their textiles renowned for their sheer beauty, colorful blankets and clothing woven on looms. Houses were well-built, characterized by as a square with wooden floors, windowless walls, and pyramidal thatch roofs. Elevated from the ground by four sturdy tree trunks, they feature removable staircases that were hoisted up at night to prevent entry by enemies and/or wild animals. Lastly, their attire remain traditional for male Ifugaos, donning the wanno or g-string; there are six types of wanno which are used depending on the occasion or the man's social status. Ifugao women, on the contrary, wear tapis, a wraparound skirt; there are five kinds of skirts worn, depending on the occasion.

THE IFUGAO TRIBE, ON THE ISLAND: LUZON
IN THE PHILIPPINES, USE "PUNAMHAN"
HAND CARVED WOODEN BOXES THAT ARE
"ACTIVATED" THROUGH RITUAL ANIMAL
BLOOD SACRIFICE.

THE IFUGAO; ORIGINALLY REFERRED TO AS "IGOROTS" WERE
ONCE THOUGHT TO BE INCLUDED WITH THE BONTOC, KALINGA
KANKANAY, IBALOI AND GADDANG AS A SINGLE TRIBE!
IT WAS NOT UNTIL EXHAUSTIVE RESEARCH LATER REVEALED
THESE WERE INDIVIDUAL TRIBES WITH DISTINCT
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND BELIEF SYSTEMS!